Discourse Analysis of Opening Speeches at Shangri La

plow Analysis of Opening Speeches at Shangri LaINTRODUCTIONRationaleUnder the growing trend towards globalization, slope is cognise as the most preferable linguistic communication used in every field of mans life. No one can deny the usefulness of this nomenclature in enhancing international communication among individuals, organizations, as well as nations in this fast-changing world. Not surprisingly, English is a tool for countries all over the world to participate richly in the international network.Giving delivery play an important role in any kind of forums, especially in summit conferences like nirvana Dialogue. A good speech will show the intentions, feelings, emotions, expectation and even the criticism of the speaker to his audiences. Thus, in order to begin an effective and successful speech Shangri-La Dialogue, the speakers have to provide clear and relevant messages. In addition, their intellect, understanding, policy-making stance and consistency need to be pe rformed when the speakers give speech. Besides, the speakers attitude in addition plays an demand part in making the address more effectively, vividly and persuasively. Not scarcely that the goal of persuasion, the messages are more persuasively and powerfully delivered.I urinate that there are so many interesting things that need to be studied in speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues. There has been no search so far in Vietnam, to my knowledge, offering a handling outline of speeches in Shangri-La dialogues. From these f travelors, I have decided to choose A conference compend of source speeches at Shangri-La dialogues as the topic of my M.A thesis because of its importance and significance. This thesis is carried out with the hope that the look for will be a contri bution to gravel linguistic knowledge and provide Vietnamese learners of English, especially students in the press and diplomatic fields with some useful information about the linguistic features of speeches in political forums.Aims and objectivesAims of the rentThe study aims to investigate the discourse features of opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues in harm of their discourse topics, cohesive devices and stylistic devices.ObjectivesThis paper is knowing to aim at the following objectives To examine the discourse features of opening speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues in impairment of their discourse topics, cohesive devices and stylistic devices. To study the significant effect of discourse features on opening speeches ( the contents of speech, the intention and attitude of the lecturer) To discuss about the results of the bob upings so that a generalization of the language can be made. To suggest some implications for teaching English to Vietnamese learners especially students of the diplomacy and press fields.Scope of the StudyWithin a check scope of an M.A thesis, this research will focus on studying the discourse topics, the cohesive devices and the stylistic devices of opening speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues.Research questionsIn order to achieve the above mentioned aims and objectives, the research will seek to the answers for the following questions What are the discourse features of opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues in terms of their discourse topics? What are the discourse features of opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues in terms of their cohesive devices? What are the discourse features of opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues in terms of their stylistic devices?Organization of the studyThe study is organized into five chapters as follows.Chapter 1, excogitation presents the rationale, the aims and objectives, the research questions to solve, the scope and the organization of the research.Chapter 2, Literature Review and Theoretical primer consists of two parts. The first part is a review of previous studies related to this thesis. The second one is concerned with theoretical concepts of terms discourse topics, cohe sive devices and stylistic devices.Chapter 3, Methods and Procedures concerns itself with the research method, procedure of data appealingness, description of samples, data analysis and research procedures.Chapter 4, Findings and Discussion discusses the main purpose of conducting this study. It focuses on answering the research questions about the discourse topics, cohesive devices, and stylistic devices of opening speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues. It presents the results and discusses the findings of the study.Chapter 5, Conclusion and Recommendation draws conclusions and suggests some implications basing on the results in previous chapter.LITERATURE REVIEW AND metaphysical BACKGROUNDLiterature ReviewDiscourse Analysis (DA) is a modern linguistic discipline that covers a wide variety of different fields. Discourse analysis examines language in use both written texts of all kinds and spoken data from conversation to highly institutionalized forms of talk. Analysis of discour se looks not only at the basic level of what is said, but takes into consideration the contexts which it is used. Thus, discourse analysis not only study language use beyond the sentence boundar, but also analyze naturally occurring language use. It means that discourse analysis is one of the aspects which attract the interest of many linguists and researchers all over the world. Under the trend of discourse analysis, there have been a lot of studies dealing with a wide range of its subfields such as coherence, cohesion, context, conversation analysis, information body structure, speech act theory and theme-rhyme. Up to present, many foreign scholars including Halliday and Hasan 30, Brown and Yule 18, Cook 21, Hatch 31, Nunan 33 have made great contributions to the field in different approaches and methods. These publications focused on one or another aspect of discourse analysis theory which gave us an boilers suit picture of theoretical background to examine how language is in u se.In Vietnam, many linguists have made great contributions to the study of discourse analysis. Tran Ngoc Them 10 has investigated in detail cohesion in Vietnamese texts with H thng lin kt vn bn Ting Vit and Vn bn v Lin kt trong Ting Vit. Nguyen Duc Dan 4 and Nguyen Thien Giap 5 studied discourse analysis from a pragmatic view. Diep Quang put away 2 has given an overall view of text and utterance especially above the sentence level. Nguyen Hoa with Nghin cu din ngn v chnh tr x hi 6 and more recently Nguyen Hoa with Phn tch din ngn ph bnh 8.Besides, there have been a number of master theses dealing with political speeches includingLe Thi Hoang Van 32 made an investigation into Linguistic Features of Antithesis in Political Speeches in English and Vietnamese. In this research, she investigated argumentation power of antithesis and stylistic features of rhetorical devices in antithesis in English political speeches and Vietnamese political speeches.Pham Khac Thu 36 did a research on normality Markers utilise in Political Speeches by US Presidents. The author investigated a wide range of modal expressions used in all the inaugural speeches of the US presidents.Nguyen Thi Hanh 35 investigated into the structure of Theme Rheme in English and Vietnamese political speeches. The study focuses on the structure of Theme Rheme in English and Vietnamese political speeches in terms of characteristics, semantic and pragmatic aspects.Nguyen Uy Dung 34 carried out an investigation into stylistic Devices in Political Speeches by US Presidents. The study highlighted the use of Stylistic Devices in political speeches by US Presidents. Most of them studied the discourse or a small aspect of political speeches being well-prepared in written texts by the politicians. each study above gave me a useful brief knowledge about discourse and help me have an overview of language definition, language development and its branches in general, and language characteristics in details as w ell. Beside that, I also recognized that there are some fields which others theses do not deal with. I, myself, would like to add up my little more effort into them. To the best of my knowledge, up to now, there is little evidence that any research on discourse analysis of opening speeches in dialogues about political issues has been done. Thus, A discourse analysis of Opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues would be conducted with the aim of contributing a minor part to the overall picture of this field.Theoretical backgroundThe study will make use of a theoretical framework based on these following fundamental concepts.2.2.1. Concepts of Discourse2.2.2. Concepts of Discourse Analysis2.2.3. Discourse topica. Topic frameworkb. Presupposition poolsc. Sentential topic and the presupposition pool2.2.4. Cohesion and Coherencea. Cohesionb. Coherence2.2.5. Stylistic Devicesa. explanation of Stylistic Devicesc. Notion of Common Stylistic Devices in speechb. Function of Stylistic Devices 2.2.6. An overview of a speech3. METHOD AND PROCEDUREResearch Designdescriptive method seems to be the most popular tool in doing any linguistic research since linguistics is by nature a descriptive science and the analytic method is typically used to clarify and justify their features. As mentioned above, the aim of this study was to describe and analyze speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues. descriptive and qualitative methods were used to give a detailed description of their discourse topics, cohesive devices and stylistic devices of speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues. Quantitative information was also collected to show the frequency of the discourse features of speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues along with qualitative information about the discourse features of a speech.Data collection and data analysisData CollectionThe data of the study appeared in the form of transcripts of Shangri-La dialogues on the Internet which are based on the criteria defined. They were selected principally from the following website on August, 2015https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri-s-la-s-dialogue/speecheshttps//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/ schedule/sld12-43d9https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2013-c890http//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2011-4eachttps//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2010-0a26https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2009-99eahttps//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2008-2906http//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-diaogue-2007-d1eehttps//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2006-f1a5https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2014Data AnalysisIn this study, more than 14 samples of speeches used in Shangri-La dialog ues selected for the analysis are in the form of written texts in the sources provided. After collecting these samples of answer, they are analyzed in terms of their discourse topics, cohesive devices and stylistic devices. totally samples are shown in the following tableOrderDate of Opening DialoguesSpeakerLength1st30 May 2003Lee Kun Yew41322nd30 May 2003Lee Kun Yew37263rd4 June 2004Goh Chok Tong40354th3 June 2005Lee Hsien Loong32455th2 June 2006Lee Hsien Loong37126th1 June 2007Lee Hsien Loong45237th30 May 2008Lee Hsien Loong28508th29 May 2009Kevin Rudd36489th4 June 2010Lee Myung-Bak431510th3 June 2011 basin Chipman302211th1 June 2012Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono261812th31 May 2013Nguyen Tan Dung250013th30 May 2014John Chipman501714th29 May 2015Lee Hsien Loong3816Research proceduresThe research was conducted with the procedures as follows Identifying the research topic to study by reviewing the previous studies thoroughly. Collecting documents related to the research in the library and other sources from the Internet. Collecting samples of speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues from the Internet. Presenting, describing and analyzing the data in order to find out discourse feature of speeches. Suggesting some implications for language users and further research.The study will be carried out following these stepsTimeWork government agencyApril-Sept, 2015Working on proposal literature reviewaklakSept-Nov, 2015Data collection + initial analysisaklakNov-Dec, 2015AnalysisaklakJan, 2016Update literature reviewaklakFeb-May, 2016Writing upaklakJune, 2016Completing first draftaklakJuly, 2016Updating first draftaklakJuly, 2016Finishing writing MA thesisaklakAug, 2016Presenting MA thesisaklakReliability and ValidityIn terms of reliability, the source selected to be analyzed is derived from the Internet in English.Regarding validity, this study meets all required criteria. In order to answer the two formulated research questions, the observation and investigation techniques hav e been chosen to be the main instruments for data collection. The samples are taken from famous English political speeches by a great number of prominent representatives of each nation.REFERENCESIn Vietnamese1 Dip Quang Ban (1999), Vn bn v lin kt trong ting Vit, NXB Gio dc,H Ni.2 Dip Quang Ban (2003), Giao tip, vn bn, mch lc, lin kt, NXB Khoa hcX hi.3 Dip Quang Ban (2009), Giao tip, din ngn v cu to ca vn bn, NxbGio dc.4 Nguyn c Dn (1998), Ng dng hc, Nxb Gio dc, H Ni.5 Nguyn Thin Gip (2000), Dng hc Vit ng, Nxb i hc Quc gia H Ni.6 Nguyn Ho (1999), Nghin cu din ngn v chnh tr x hi trn t liu boch ting Anh v ting Vit hin i, Lun n tin s Ng vn.7 Nguyn Ha (2003), Phn tch din ngn Mt s vn l lun v phngphp, Nxb HQG H Ni.8 Nguyn Ho (2006), Phn tch din ngn ph bnh, Nxb i hc Quc gia HNi.9 Nguyn Ha (2008), Phn tch din ngn Mt s vn l lun v phngphp, Nxb i hc Quc gia H Ni.10 Trn Ngc Thm (1998), H thng lin kt vn bn Ting Vit, NXB Giodc.11 Trn Ngc Thm (1985), H thng lin kt vn bn ting Vit, H Ni NXBKHXH.1 2 Trn Ngc Thm (2000), H thng lin kt vn bn ting Vit, NXB Giaoduc.In English13 Algeo, J., Pyles, T., Wadsworth, T. 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(1993), Introducing Discourse Analysis, Penguin Group.34 Nguyen Uy Dung (2010), An Investigation into Stylistic Devices in PoliticalSpeeches by US Presidents, MA Thesis, The University of Danang.35 Nguyen Thi Hanh (2012) , An investigation into the structure of Theme Rheme in English and Vietnamese political speeches, MA Thesis, The Universityof Danang.36 Pham Khac Thu (2010), An Investigation into Modality Markers Used inPolitical Speeches by US Presidents, MA Thesis, The University of Danang.37 Widdowson, H.G. (1978), Teaching English as Communication, Oxford.38 Widdowson, H.G. (1994), Linguistics, Oxford University Press.39 Wright, L. Hope Jonathan (1996), Stylistics-A Practical Course Book,Routledge.40 Yule, G. (1996), Pragmatics, Oxford University Press.41 Yule, G. (1997), The study of language, Cambridge University Press.42 Yule, G. (2006), Oxford practice Grammar Advanced with Answers, OxfordOxford Uni versity Press.Websites43 https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri-s-la-s-dialogue/speeches44 https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/sld12-43d945https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la dialogue-2013-c89046http//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2011-4eac47https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2010-0a2648https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2009-99ea49https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2008-290650http//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-ladiaogue-2007-d1ee51https//www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-ladialogue-2006-f1a5